Kyrgyzstan 1998

Kyrgyzstan Capital

In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was a newly independent nation in Central Asia. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared its independence and began to forge its own path. The population of Kyrgyzstan was largely comprised of ethnic Kyrgyz, with a small minority of Russians, Uzbeks and other ethnic minorities. Despite its newfound independence, Kyrgyzstan faced many challenges in 1998 due to its lack of resources and infrastructure. The economy was largely dependent on agriculture and foreign aid from other countries such as Russia and the United States. Additionally, there were tensions between different ethnic groups that threatened to destabilize the country. In an attempt to restore stability, the government implemented a series of economic reforms such as privatizing state-owned enterprises and introducing market reforms. It also sought to improve relations with its neighbors by joining various international organizations such as the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Despite these efforts, however, poverty remained a major issue in Kyrgyzstan due to the country’s weak economy and lack of resources. As a result, many citizens still face political unrest and economic hardship even today. See dentistrymyth for Kyrgyzstan in the year of 2015.

Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, China to the east and southeast, Tajikistan to the southwest and Uzbekistan to the west ; in the southwest region of Osh there are exclaves of Uzbek and Tajik territory.

Kyrgyzstan is predominantly a high mountain country (“Central Asian Switzerland”), which is mainly traversed by the Tian Shan mountain ranges. 94% of the country’s area is at an altitude of over 1,000 m above sea level, around 41% over 3,000 m above sea level.

The country is in an earthquake-rich zone. In the north, the mountain ranges of the western Tian Shan with an average height of 3,000 to 4,000 m (Pik Pobedy, 7,439 m above sea level), in the south and southwest the Alai and Transalai mountains(Pik Lenin, up to 7,134 m above sea level)., both separated by the Alaital, the relief. The Transalai Mountains are already the Pamir added. The mountain system of the western Tian Shan is divided into a fan-like structure in the west; the main mountain ranges include (from north to south) the partially glaciated Kyrgyz chain, the Talas chain, the Kungei and Terskei Alatau in the north of the country, the Koksha-Alatau chain in the southeast on the border with China, the Chatkal chain in the west and the Fergana chain in the center of the east mostly to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan belonging Fergana basin. The Turkestan chain further south on the border with Tajikistan is part of the Hissar-Alai system. The mountain ranges are among the major glacier regions of the earth, which make the central Tian Shan an important supplier of water for Central Asia. They enclose long valleys and basins (Issykkul basin). The country is only open in the north (Tschu and Talastal) to the sand desert Mujunkum in Kazakhstan and to the Fergana Basin. Numerous sloping rivers, fed by glaciers and snowfields (Naryn in the central, Talas in the western and Tschu in the northern part of the country) flow out of the mountain ranges, with water flow that fluctuates year-round and in summer also with the time of day, which are of great importance for irrigation and energy generation. The Naryn, which is dammed to the Toktogul reservoir, has the greatest hydropower.

Naryn and Karadarja arise from the mountain ranges of the western Tian Shan and form the Syrdarja in the Fergana Basin. In the intramontaneous depressions there are saline lakes, some of which have no drainage. The largest lake is the Issykkul.

  • Abbreviationfinder: What does KYR stand for in geography? Here, this 3 letter acronym refers to the country of Kyrgyzstan.

Yearbook 1998

Kyrgyzstan. From the New Year, the death penalty in Kyrgyzstan was abolished. In March, Kubanjchbek Djumaljev was appointed new prime minister and in April the government was heavily reformed. According to Countryaah, the capital of Kyrgyzstan is Bishkek. The intention was stated to be to speed up economic and political reforms. Shortly thereafter, the World Bank approved several loans intended, among other things. for land reform.

In May, some 30 activists from the Uyghur people in Xinjiang Province in western China, bordering Kyrgyzstan, were arrested in Kyrgyzstan. Uyghur separatists aim to reestablish an Islamic state in the East Turkestan.

In northeastern Kyrgyzstan, 20 tonnes of sodium cyanide was dispersed in the Barskoon River during the summer following a traffic accident. Hundreds of poisoned people were taken to hospitals and three people were reported to have died of poisoning.

In July, the Constitutional Court granted President Askar Akajev the right to stand for a third term in the 2000 presidential election despite the Kyrgyz Constitution’s clause for a maximum of two periods. Akajev has been elected only once since the law came into force in 1993. The opposition leader appealed to the court to change his decision.

In October, more than 90% of voters in a referendum said yes to the privatization of land. The result was a success for President Akajev in his conflict with Parliament and means that small farmers become owners of the land they use.

In November, Kyrgyzstan strengthened the military guarding of the border with Tajikistan, where civil war took place.

In December, President Askar Akajev deposed the nine-month-old government, which he blamed for the country’s financial failures. Parliament appointed Jumabek Ibraimov as new prime minister.

Empowerment

Kyrgyzstan became an independent republic on 31 August 1991. The political landscape is characterized by ancient divides between the north and the south and between clans and peoples groups. A main distinction is between Kyrgyz people in the north and ethnic Uzbeks in the south, where Islamists have gained a certain degree.

From the mid-1990s, Akajev’s board became increasingly authoritarian and corrupt. The president was allowed to extend his powers by referendums that were allegedly manipulated.

At the October 2000 presidential election, Akajev was re-elected for a third five-year term. The regime claimed that it had received nearly 75 percent of the vote, but international observers complained of widespread electoral fraud. At the same time, there was considerable dissatisfaction in the population due to financial difficulties in the country. Opposition leader Felix Kulov was sentenced to seven years in prison in 2002, and shortly afterwards his colleague Azimbek Beknazarov was arrested, leading to bloody riots involving at least six victims and many arrests in southern Jalalabad province. Occasional unrest also occurred over the next few years.

In the economic field, Kyrgyzstan has chosen more Western models than its neighboring countries. The country joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in 1992, and encouraged by these organizations, Kyrgyzstan emerged from the ruble zone in May 1993 as the first state in Central Asia and introduced its own currency, which. Somen’s course has been relatively stable despite weak developments in Kyrgyzstan’s economy, primarily thanks to support from the IMF and, to some extent, substantial foreign investment. In the mid-1990s, Kyrgyzstan was designated as the leading reform country in Central Asia.

Kyrgyzstan has great development potential in terms of hydropower. During Akajev’s Norwegian visit in 2003, an agreement was signed to make use of Norwegian expertise. It was pointed out here that both countries have exploitable resources of about 150 terawatt hours (TWT). While Norway has used about 90 percent of its resources, Kyrgyzstan has so far only utilized 10 percent. Since the Prime Minister’s visit, extended Norwegian assistance has been provided, including for police training.

Compared to the population, Kyrgyzstan has received three times as much support and investment from the West as any other country in the former Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the country’s foreign debt in 2013 exceeded USD 3.8 billion, more than the country’s GDP. The country has rich deposits of valuable minerals, and Canadian interests are heavily engaged in the country’s gold industry. Several major financial scandals have been linked to these investments, and Kyrgyzstan remains one of the poorest new states in Central Asia. More than half of the population is classified as poor in international statistics.

Kyrgyzstan Capital