In Italy, Mussolini began his “March on Rome” in 1922 with the promise of national renewal. King Victor Emanuel III. was forced to resign in favor of one-party fascist rule by Mussolini. After a severe depression, a year later a military dictatorship was established in Spain with the consent of the king. In May 1926, Marshal Pilsudski carried out a coup d’état in Poland which, despite the formal retention of the constitution and parliament, made him a de facto authoritarian monarch. In the same year, a military coup in Portugal overturned the parliament and the constitution. In 1928 de Fragoso Carmona founded a one-party government there; Oppositionists fell victim to the dreaded secret police. A year earlier, the Stalin era had begun in the USSR.
In 1929, after frequent changes of government and increasing political instability, Alexander I of Yugoslavia implemented a kind of “royal dictatorship”, the main features of which were the dissolution of parliament and the repeal of the constitution. In 1933, when Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor, the National Socialists took power in the German Reich. In 1934 there were coups d’état in Estonia and Latvia, which here and there led to the establishment of authoritarian presidential regimes. In the same year, Tsar Boris III. of Bulgaria forbid all political parties in his country. In 1936, Joannis Metaxas established a dictatorship in Greece by means of a coup. In 1938 the arbitrary rule of Charles II also resulted. from Romania into open tyranny and in 1939 General Franco finally fought for power in Spain after a three-year bloody civil war. The 2nd republic could not hold out. For more information about the continent of Europe, please check ehistorylib.com.
Magnificent Renaissance castle, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, a historical center with cute colorful houses and the longest square in the Czech Republic, the birthplace of the famous composer Bedrich Smetana. All this[…]
Energetic, open and creative – Umeo has several honorary statuses at once. 30,000 students are responsible for “energy replenishment” – every third resident studies at the university. Thousands of immigrants from all over the planet[…]
According to wholevehicles, Hiiumaa is the second largest island in Estonia, which in its history managed to be in the power of the knights of the Order, and under the ruler of the bishops. Hiiumaa[…]
The fact that the cat is central to the town of Ypres is clearly reflected in the ‘Cat Parade’ that parades there three times a year. From the Belfry on the Grote Markt, cats have[…]
According to Getzipcodes.org, Palma de Mallorca is the capital of the island of Mallorcabut also of the autonomous archipelago of the Balearic Islands. It is also the largest city of this archipelago. It is an[…]
The Azores offer an unbelievable variety of activities from hiking to beach holidays, water sports and a little cultural program. That and the fact that there are nine islands makes it very difficult to select[…]
According to Weddinginfashion.com, the town of Potes is the starting point for trips to the Picos de Europa National Park, covering an area of 650 square meters. km and located on the territory of three[…]
At the most powerful southern wall of the Kremlin, which is called Pershi, in the 13th century, the Dovmontov city was built. Prince Dovmont-Timofei ruled in Pskov from 1266 to 1299. Under him, in 1266,[…]
Mountains Anyone visiting Norway’s second largest city should definitely visit the Hanseatic district of Brygge with its colorful wooden houses (Internet: www.visitbergen.com ). The Marienkirche, built in the 12th century, is also located here. A[…]
ROSA KHUTOR At the Rosa Khutor Resort, 80% of all ski slopes in Krasnaya Polyana are located. These are 77 km of slopes of any level of difficulty with a height difference of 1535 m, which[…]
Literature. – After the Second World War, the frequent themes at the time of independence (1918-40), oriented towards national identity and the destiny of the individual, had little space. Among the authors who continued their[…]
Political and administrative order With the Act of Union of 30 November 1918, Iceland became a sovereign and independent kingdom, with its own flag, united to Denmark by the Act itself and by having the[…]
In addition to the expanse of the moors, most of the Armorican Massif is notable for a higher percentage of Atlantic species; and as such species are also observed, more or less, throughout the Loire[…]
The vegetation of the soil of France includes ancient elements and other more recent emigrants. The glacial period destroyed the flora on only about half of the Alps and the Jura, which were covered with[…]
The results of the first round (April 1988) awarded Mitterrand 34.1% of the valid votes, Chirac 19.9%, Barre 16.5% and Le Pen even 14.3%, that is more than double. of the votes obtained by the[…]
However, the signs of a deterioration in government policy were accumulating from various quarters: the victory of the center-right parties in the cantonal elections of March 1985 (53% of the votes against 46.2% obtained by[…]
For the ministry a further cause of concern arose with the protest, even violent, of farmers – especially Bretons – worried about the low profitability of some agricultural products and very dissatisfied with the Community[…]
The French political situation that emerged from the elections of March 1978 presented, under the guise of parliamentary stability, various symptoms of complication. The governing parties, in fact, which by virtue of the mechanisms of[…]
And it is no coincidence that some exponents of the “nouveau roman” (Robbe-Grillet), as well as the group of Tel That (Sollers). And in reality, in its dimension of critical creation, of poetry that is intended to[…]
Sallenave (b. 1940) belongs to the category of educated writers, who construct novel and criticism with the same conceptual precision and the same effective simplicity. Les portes de Gubbio (1980), Un printemps froid (1983) and La vie fantôme (1986) deal with[…]
Yourcenar, the first woman to enter the Académie Française, in 1980, in place of R. Caillois, concludes the family chronicle, or rather the ” genealogical novel ” begun with Archives du Nord (1977; trad. It., 1982), in[…]
But the same phenomenon can be described above all with regard to A. Artaud and G. Bataille, who only recently entered fully, posthumously, in the illuminated area of the twentieth-century landscape: how the surrealists had[…]
While the Sixties were in France the years of the system and of the structures, those of hyper-theoreticalism, in which the subject was considered without identity as dependent on the social or psychic structures to[…]
To the same society, to the same courtly meetings, to the same baronial greetings to whom these elegant and courteous novels were addressed, the courtly lyric was also addressed, which radiated from the French court[…]
It is customary to divide, for ease of study, the French literary origins into many particular aspects, one detached from the other, according to whether one considers the epic, or the lyric, or the narrative[…]
According to ENINGBO, the name Brigade they assume early on (1549-52) is an indication of their ambitions. Their manifesto, the Deffence et illustration de la langue françoise by Du Bellay (1549) closes with a vibrant appeal to[…]
Perceived directly or through translations, the voices that come from antiquity and from Italy determine vast interweaving of resonances. Various currents emerge: pagan naturalism (Rabelais), Platonism (Margaret of Navarre; A. Héroet; the whole École lyonnaise),[…]
From 1515 to 1559. – During the reigns of Francis I and Henry II The movement of intellectual and moral renewal which began in the last decades of the century becomes clear and self-conscious, so[…]
The joyful clamor that arises from the stage is confused in the uneasiness spread throughout French society, presages a renewal of ideas and customs; and here it is useful to recall how the vision of[…]
The theater, especially sacred, has shown a growing vitality in these two centuries; among the many documents that certainly went missing, a manuscript of the century. XIV has kept for us a precious collection of[…]
The advent of the Valois to the crown of France with Philip VI (1328), and the consequent Hundred Years War, determined a period of squalor and depression throughout the life of the country. The conditions[…]
In consonantism it is necessary to distinguish the treatment of consonants at the final, at the initial or within the word, and among the internal ones it is still necessary to distinguish the supported consonants[…]
The diphthongs ae, oe were formerly reduced to ę and ẹ ; au held out longer before shrinking to o ??? . But one must distinguish on the one hand the place that vowels and consonants originally occupied in the word and, on the[…]
The appropriate use of all these phrases and of all those that have remained unchanged from the Latin period allows the simple phrase and the various propositions that make up the complex phrase to express[…]
The use of subject personal pronouns is closely related to the syntax of the verb. Ordinarily in Latin the 1st and 2nd person subject pronouns were expressed only by emphasis. In French they have become[…]
This smoothing of the inflection is closely related to the evolution of the syntax. The syntagms of Latin, that is, the combinations of the terms of the simple or complex sentence and the logical values[…]
According to EXTRAREFERENCE, the struggles through which the republic had established itself had two consequences: the prevalence of the legislative power over the executive with the consequent dangers of the excesses of parliamentarism, and the[…]
According to ETHNICITYOLOGY, the republic proclaimed on 4 September 1870 could not be said to be truly constituted and consolidated until nine years later, and through bitter internal conflicts. The republican leaders who came to[…]
From the restoration of the monarchy to the end of the civil war (1935–49): In June 1935 the royalists won a major electoral victory. After the removal of the moderate royalist Prime Minister Tsaldaris, radical[…]
Since the end of the 1990s, the current format of the Tour de France has consisted of 21 stages spread over 23 days (there are 2 days of rest). The stages have an average length[…]
Chester Chester is in the north-west of England and not far from the border with Wales. The city on the Dee River is the capital of the county of the same name, a university location[…]
Estonia is a diverse, fascinating and modern country that is best discovered on a study tour. The northernmost state of the Baltic States will impress you especially from a cultural and historical point of view.[…]
HISTORY: THE WARS OF THE CENTURY. XVII AND XVIII The decline of the Netherlands was caused by the expansion of other great powers that were being formed in Europe: first of all England, which with[…]
Cologne is a Roman foundation (50 AD Colonia Agrippinensis, later Colonia). Due to its convenient location on the Rhine, the city experienced rapid growth early on and was the largest German city in the Middle Ages and,[…]
Serbia is a parliamentary republic. The parliament is made up of 250 members, elected by universal suffrage, whose office lasts for 5 years. Kosovo, an autonomous province of Serbia, is occupied by international troops and[…]
Agriculture 11% of the workforce is employed in agriculture, generating 1.7% of GDP (2017). It is characterized by a small-scale structure; around a third of the farms have less than 5 hectares of usable agricultural[…]
The oldest Latvian document is a prayer that bears the date 1529, while the first two books in Latvian were a Catholic catechism (Vilna 1585) and a Lutheran (Königsberg 1586). Until the middle of the[…]
The from around 4500 BC Stone Age temples and places of worship dating from the 3rd century BC testify to the island’s long history of settlement, whose culture is older than that of Egypt. The[…]
Antwerp – port and diamond city Antwerp is the cultural and economic metropolis of Flanders in Belgium according to dentistrymyth. As in the entire Belgian region, Dutch is spoken here, but French and German are[…]
Anklam: special features and events European Route of Brick Gothic Anklam is one of the 26 cities from seven countries that are allowed to present important buildings on the European Route of Brick Gothic. The[…]
